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Dark Energy May Be Incompatible With String Theory | Quanta Magazine
quantamagazine.org
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Remembering Joe Polchinski the modest physicist who conceived a multiverse
Creativity and modesty are two of the qualities that made Joe Polchinski an extraordinary theoretical physicist. The early pioneer of string theory died this month at age 63.
Polchinski was an early pioneer of string theory, the mathematical apparatus picturing the basic particles of matter and force as supertiny wriggling strands of energy known as superstrings. His contributions to the field were immense. As a young professor at the University of Texas at Austin in the 1980s, he developed a branch of superstring theory involving objects called supermembranes.
Superstrings are one-dimensional objects (like lines, hence “strings”) vibrating like rubber bands in multidimensional space. (String math presupposed more dimensions than the usual three.) Polchinski explored the possibility that those multiple dimensions could contain two-dimensional membranes, kind of like the film forming the surface of a soap bubble. He and his students derived the math describing such supermembranes living in 11 dimensions (10 of space, one of time).
Maybe, string/brane/M theory would explain the amount of that mysterious “dark” energy in space and all would be well. But no. Working with physicist Raphael Bousso, Polchinski found that string theory did not specify how much energy the vacuum of space contained. Instead the theory predicted a virtually countless number of vacuum states, with nearly any amount of repulsive energy you could imagine. In other words, string theory described a multiverse.
Polchinski’s modesty manifested itself in his reaction to this situation. He hated the idea of a multiverse, because it implied that some questions had no answers that physicists could calculate. No equation could specify the amount of dark energy; it would just be luck — determined by which universe had the right amount of dark energy to make it hospitable to life (an idea known as the anthropic principle).
Interesting Article:
https://www.sciencenews.org/blog/context/remembering-joe-polchinski-modest-physicist-who-conceived-multiverse
#physics #JoePolchinski #stringtheory
Creativity and modesty are two of the qualities that made Joe Polchinski an extraordinary theoretical physicist. The early pioneer of string theory died this month at age 63.
Polchinski was an early pioneer of string theory, the mathematical apparatus picturing the basic particles of matter and force as supertiny wriggling strands of energy known as superstrings. His contributions to the field were immense. As a young professor at the University of Texas at Austin in the 1980s, he developed a branch of superstring theory involving objects called supermembranes.
Superstrings are one-dimensional objects (like lines, hence “strings”) vibrating like rubber bands in multidimensional space. (String math presupposed more dimensions than the usual three.) Polchinski explored the possibility that those multiple dimensions could contain two-dimensional membranes, kind of like the film forming the surface of a soap bubble. He and his students derived the math describing such supermembranes living in 11 dimensions (10 of space, one of time).
Maybe, string/brane/M theory would explain the amount of that mysterious “dark” energy in space and all would be well. But no. Working with physicist Raphael Bousso, Polchinski found that string theory did not specify how much energy the vacuum of space contained. Instead the theory predicted a virtually countless number of vacuum states, with nearly any amount of repulsive energy you could imagine. In other words, string theory described a multiverse.
Polchinski’s modesty manifested itself in his reaction to this situation. He hated the idea of a multiverse, because it implied that some questions had no answers that physicists could calculate. No equation could specify the amount of dark energy; it would just be luck — determined by which universe had the right amount of dark energy to make it hospitable to life (an idea known as the anthropic principle).
Interesting Article:
https://www.sciencenews.org/blog/context/remembering-joe-polchinski-modest-physicist-who-conceived-multiverse
#physics #JoePolchinski #stringtheory
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Watched the PBS documentary “The Elegant Universe”.
In this three-part TV series, physics professor Brian Greene (Columbia University) pushes his specialty, string theory, as a likely unified theory or “theory of everything”.
The funny thing is that Greene in this TV program from 2003 predicted it would take another 10 to 20 years tops to solve the many mathematical issues. We’re now 2018 and that final breakthrough has not materialised. Nor is there any empirical proof for the fancy mathematics with 11 dimensions. (And Michio Kaku's hair has gone white.)
The conclusion must be that no accepted, proven unified theory exists yet to replace Einstein’s relativity. We still live in a world with four dimensions - the good old space-time curvature.
#science #physics #relativity #einstein #alberteinstein #stringtheory #universe #briangreene #cosmology #gravity #columbiauniversity
In this three-part TV series, physics professor Brian Greene (Columbia University) pushes his specialty, string theory, as a likely unified theory or “theory of everything”.
The funny thing is that Greene in this TV program from 2003 predicted it would take another 10 to 20 years tops to solve the many mathematical issues. We’re now 2018 and that final breakthrough has not materialised. Nor is there any empirical proof for the fancy mathematics with 11 dimensions. (And Michio Kaku's hair has gone white.)
The conclusion must be that no accepted, proven unified theory exists yet to replace Einstein’s relativity. We still live in a world with four dimensions - the good old space-time curvature.
#science #physics #relativity #einstein #alberteinstein #stringtheory #universe #briangreene #cosmology #gravity #columbiauniversity
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Best thing of the week - StringTheory - a 4-voice polyphonic Solina String synth in your Eurorack in a £45 kit. It's run by MIDI, not CV which won't suit everyone but keeps it simple and cheap https://www.gearnews.com/polyphonic-solina-strings-eurorack-meet-stringtheory/ #makesynthsnotwar #stringtheory
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"When the going gets tough, you need something to keep you going. I won’t speak for others, of course, but to me this is it: It ain’t intuitive. It’s weird. It’s impossible for me to stop learning!"
That's the way to think about science.
+Alexander Biebricher #fortytwo #stringtheory #physics
That's the way to think about science.
+Alexander Biebricher #fortytwo #stringtheory #physics
"See, I've grown into and out of academia, but never out of curiosity and this childish glee for discovery."
#science #space #physics #student #STEM #STEMed #education #personal #42 #MidweekLongread
#science #space #physics #student #STEM #STEMed #education #personal #42 #MidweekLongread
42: A personal confession (part 4/4)
spaceforscience.blog
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String Theory and my Imaginations
By Katherine Lightwood
#digitaldecatron #katherine #katherinelightwood #lightwood #Stringtheory #Imaginations #Physics #Quantum #QuantumPhysics
By Katherine Lightwood
#digitaldecatron #katherine #katherinelightwood #lightwood #Stringtheory #Imaginations #Physics #Quantum #QuantumPhysics
String Theory and my Imaginations By Katherine Lightwood
digitaldecatron.blogspot.com
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String Theory May Create Far Fewer Universes Than Thought #QuantumComputing #QuantumSystem #QuantumComputers #StringTheory #Physics #Universe #PioneeringMinds
String Theory May Create Far Fewer Universes Than Thought - Pioneering Minds
pioneeringminds.com
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Sp |. SUPERSTRING THEORIES vs BOSONIC STRING THEORY 🔹Wikipedia Excerpts🔹
'Superstring theory' is a shorthand for supersymmetric string theory because unlike bosonic string theory, it is the version of string theory that accounts for both fermions and bosons and incorporates supersymmetry to model gravity.🔹
What is M-THEORY? "Since the second superstring revolution, the five superstring theories are regarded as different limits of a single theory tentatively called M-theory." Wikipedia
ART: untitled
BY DPEARCE © 2018
#STRINGTHEORY
#SUPERSYMMETRICSTRING
#BOSONICSTRINGTHEORY
#M-THEORY
#DAWNART2018
#ABSTRACTS
#FLOWPAPER
'Superstring theory' is a shorthand for supersymmetric string theory because unlike bosonic string theory, it is the version of string theory that accounts for both fermions and bosons and incorporates supersymmetry to model gravity.🔹
What is M-THEORY? "Since the second superstring revolution, the five superstring theories are regarded as different limits of a single theory tentatively called M-theory." Wikipedia
ART: untitled
BY DPEARCE © 2018
#STRINGTHEORY
#SUPERSYMMETRICSTRING
#BOSONICSTRINGTHEORY
#M-THEORY
#DAWNART2018
#ABSTRACTS
#FLOWPAPER
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#yomkippur73
https://instagram.com/p/BPaODX0D6YF/
A time capsule can be a simple thing like a box where we put down something we've written, for example, in a diary and hidden away, and as we look later in life to use the content of that particular diary, the content is then the literature as described.
I did it; I drew a "time capsule" on a piece of paper and called it «the time machine» that was a variable belonging to my own identity equation in mathematics, as I understood Pi in mathematics in 1972, and signed with ©Valerian72. That's why it‘s poetry ✡️🆔
#gametheory #Time_Capsule #Tidskapsel #tidskapselen #Pi #timing #timecapsul #QuantumMechanics #quantumphysics #quantumtheory #variable #time_capsule #Energi #Kjernekraft #AtomicBomb #Digitalisering #Digitalinsurance #fysikk #atomicbomb #MathematicalPhysics #stringtheory #poetry #Cappelen
8. May 2018
Baldrian Tidemand Cappelen🆔
Alsvåg hovedgård Stamhus/Resepsjonen 1917©2017
The Telegraph /Alsvåg main house/
Reception®️Alsvåg farm yard administration building 8432 Alsvåg farm 1917©2018
©Telegrafen/ Reception Stamford house/ Alsvåg hovedgård©Ekspedisjonen®️Administrasjons bygget, 8432 Alsvåg Vesterålen
https://instagram.com/p/BPaODX0D6YF/
A time capsule can be a simple thing like a box where we put down something we've written, for example, in a diary and hidden away, and as we look later in life to use the content of that particular diary, the content is then the literature as described.
I did it; I drew a "time capsule" on a piece of paper and called it «the time machine» that was a variable belonging to my own identity equation in mathematics, as I understood Pi in mathematics in 1972, and signed with ©Valerian72. That's why it‘s poetry ✡️🆔
#gametheory #Time_Capsule #Tidskapsel #tidskapselen #Pi #timing #timecapsul #QuantumMechanics #quantumphysics #quantumtheory #variable #time_capsule #Energi #Kjernekraft #AtomicBomb #Digitalisering #Digitalinsurance #fysikk #atomicbomb #MathematicalPhysics #stringtheory #poetry #Cappelen
8. May 2018
Baldrian Tidemand Cappelen🆔
Alsvåg hovedgård Stamhus/Resepsjonen 1917©2017
The Telegraph /Alsvåg main house/
Reception®️Alsvåg farm yard administration building 8432 Alsvåg farm 1917©2018
©Telegrafen/ Reception Stamford house/ Alsvåg hovedgård©Ekspedisjonen®️Administrasjons bygget, 8432 Alsvåg Vesterålen
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Mathematician Emmy Noether was a genius who laid the basis for a new approach to physics:
"Noether’s Theorem is to theoretical physics what natural selection is to biology"
When it was forbidden for women to study mathematics and physics in #Germany, she successfylly made her way and got the respect of the scientific community, especially #Einstein. Her theorem is applied in #Relativity to #QuantumMechanics to even #StringTheory
"Noether’s Theorem is to theoretical physics what natural selection is to biology. If you wrote an equation encapsulating all we know about theoretical physics you could label terms contributed by #Feynman, #Schrödinger, #Maxwell and #Dirac, but if you wrote “ #Noether ” on the equation it would have to cover the entire thing."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noether%27s_theorem
https://cosmosmagazine.com/physics/woman-who-invented-abstract-algebra
#Mathematics #TheoreticalPhysics #MathematicalPhysics #NoetherTheorem #WomenInScience
"Noether’s Theorem is to theoretical physics what natural selection is to biology"
When it was forbidden for women to study mathematics and physics in #Germany, she successfylly made her way and got the respect of the scientific community, especially #Einstein. Her theorem is applied in #Relativity to #QuantumMechanics to even #StringTheory
"Noether’s Theorem is to theoretical physics what natural selection is to biology. If you wrote an equation encapsulating all we know about theoretical physics you could label terms contributed by #Feynman, #Schrödinger, #Maxwell and #Dirac, but if you wrote “ #Noether ” on the equation it would have to cover the entire thing."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noether%27s_theorem
https://cosmosmagazine.com/physics/woman-who-invented-abstract-algebra
#Mathematics #TheoreticalPhysics #MathematicalPhysics #NoetherTheorem #WomenInScience
The woman who invented abstract algebra | Cosmos
cosmosmagazine.com
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