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i have been study this for sometime now when releases it energy in orbit i feel the frequencies can you hmm
Magnetic Field Portrayed
Every day scientists use their computer models to generate a view of the sun's magnetic field (Aug. 10, 2018). The bright active region right at the central area of the sun clearly shows a concentration of field lines, as well as the small active region at the sun's right edge, but to a lesser extent. Magnetism drives the dynamic activity near the sun's surface.
Credit: Solar Dynamics Observatory, NASA.
https://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/potw/item/922
#universe #space #science #aia #193 #magneticfield #fieldlines #SDO
Every day scientists use their computer models to generate a view of the sun's magnetic field (Aug. 10, 2018). The bright active region right at the central area of the sun clearly shows a concentration of field lines, as well as the small active region at the sun's right edge, but to a lesser extent. Magnetism drives the dynamic activity near the sun's surface.
Credit: Solar Dynamics Observatory, NASA.
https://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/potw/item/922
#universe #space #science #aia #193 #magneticfield #fieldlines #SDO
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Active Prominences on a Quiet Sun
Why is the Sun so quiet? As the Sun enters into a period of time known as a Solar Minimum, it is, as expected, showing fewer sunspots and active regions than usual. The quietness is somewhat unsettling, though, as so far this year, most days show no sunspots at all. In contrast, from 2011—2015, during Solar Maximum, the Sun displayed spots just about every day. Maxima and minima occur on an 11-year cycle, with the last Solar Minimum being the most quiet in a century. Will this current Solar Minimum go even deeper? Even though the Sun's activity affects the Earth and its surroundings, no one knows for sure what the Sun will do next, and the physics behind the processes remain an active topic of research. The featured image was taken three weeks ago and shows that our Sun is busy even on a quiet day. Prominences of hot plasma, some larger than the Earth, dance continually and are most easily visible over the edge.
Image Credit & Copyright: Alan Friedman
Alan's website: http://www.avertedimagination.com
Image Date: August 2018
Release Date: August 20, 2018
+Astronomy Picture of the Day (APoD)
#NASA #Astronomy #Science #Space #SpaceWeather #Sun #Solar #Prominences #Plasma #MagneticField #Ultraviolet #Astrophysics #Heliophysics #Astrophotography #CitizenScience #STEM #Education #APoD
Why is the Sun so quiet? As the Sun enters into a period of time known as a Solar Minimum, it is, as expected, showing fewer sunspots and active regions than usual. The quietness is somewhat unsettling, though, as so far this year, most days show no sunspots at all. In contrast, from 2011—2015, during Solar Maximum, the Sun displayed spots just about every day. Maxima and minima occur on an 11-year cycle, with the last Solar Minimum being the most quiet in a century. Will this current Solar Minimum go even deeper? Even though the Sun's activity affects the Earth and its surroundings, no one knows for sure what the Sun will do next, and the physics behind the processes remain an active topic of research. The featured image was taken three weeks ago and shows that our Sun is busy even on a quiet day. Prominences of hot plasma, some larger than the Earth, dance continually and are most easily visible over the edge.
Image Credit & Copyright: Alan Friedman
Alan's website: http://www.avertedimagination.com
Image Date: August 2018
Release Date: August 20, 2018
+Astronomy Picture of the Day (APoD)
#NASA #Astronomy #Science #Space #SpaceWeather #Sun #Solar #Prominences #Plasma #MagneticField #Ultraviolet #Astrophysics #Heliophysics #Astrophotography #CitizenScience #STEM #Education #APoD
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New kind of Aurora is not Aurora at all
Thin ribbons of purple and white light that sometimes appear in the night sky were dubbed a new type of aurora when brought to scientists’ attention in 2016. But new research suggests these mysterious streams of light are not an aurora at all but an entirely new celestial phenomenon.
Amateur photographers had captured the new phenomenon, called STEVE, on film for decades. But the scientific community only got wind of STEVE in 2016. When scientists first looked at images of STEVE, they realized the lights were slightly different than light from typical auroras but were not sure what underlying mechanism was causing them.
In a new study, researchers analyzed a STEVE event in March 2008 to see whether it was produced in a similar manner as the aurora, which happens when showers of charged rain down into Earth’s upper atmosphere. The study’s results suggest STEVE is produced by a different atmospheric process than the aurora, making it an entirely new type of optical phenomenon.
“Our main conclusion is that STEVE is not an aurora,” said Bea Gallardo-Lacourt, a space physicist at the University of Calgary in Canada and lead author of the new study in Geophysical Research Letters, a journal of the American Geophysical Union. “So right now, we know very little about it. And that’s the cool thing, because this has been known by photographers for decades. But for the scientists, it’s completely unknown.”
The study authors have dubbed STEVE a kind of “skyglow,” or glowing light in the night sky, that is distinct from the aurora. Studying STEVE can help scientists better understand the upper atmosphere and the processes generating light in the sky, according to the authors.
“This is really interesting because we haven’t figured it out and when you get a new problem, it’s always exciting,” said Joe Borovsky, a space physicist at the Space Science Institute in Los Alamos, New Mexico who was not connected to the new study. “It’s like you think you know everything and it turns out you don’t.”
A different kind of light show
Auroras are produced when electrons and protons from Earth’s magnetosphere, the region around Earth dominated by its magnetic field, rain down into the ionosphere, a region of charged particles in the upper atmosphere. When these electrons and protons become excited, they emit light of varying colors, most often green, red and blue.
A group of amateur auroral photographers brought STEVE to scientists’ attention in 2016. A Facebook ground called the Alberta Aurora Chasers had occasionally noticed bright, thin streams of white and purple light running east to west in the Canadian night sky when they photographed the aurora.
Auroras are visible every night if viewing conditions are right, but the thin light ribbons of STEVE were only visible a few times per year. The light from STEVE was also showing up closer to the equator than the aurora, which can only be seen at high latitudes.
The photographers first thought the light ribbons were created by excited protons, but protons can only be photographed with special equipment. The light protons produce falls out of the range of wavelengths picked up by normal cameras.
The aurora chasers dubbed the light ribbon occurrences “Steve,” a reference to the 2006 film Over the Hedge. When researchers presented data about the unusual lights at a 2016 scientific conference, a fellow space physicist proposed converting the name into the backronym STEVE, which stands for Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement, and the researchers adopted it.
Where does STEVE come from?
Scientists then started using data from satellites and images from ground-based observatories to try to understand what was causing the unusual light streaks. The first scientific study published on STEVE found a stream of fast-moving ions and super-hot electrons passing through the ionosphere right where STEVE was observed. The researchers suspected these particles were connected to STEVE somehow but were unsure whether they were responsible for producing it.
After that first study, of which Gallardo-Lacourt was a co-author, the researchers wanted to find out if STEVE’s light is produced by particles raining down into the ionosphere, as typically happens with the aurora, or by some other process. In the new study, Gallardo-Lacourt and her colleagues analyzed a STEVE event that happened over eastern Canada on March 28, 2008, using images from ground-based cameras that record auroras over North America.
They coupled the images with data from NOAA’s Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite 17 (POES-17), which happened to pass directly over the ground-based cameras during the STEVE event. The satellite is equipped with an instrument that can measure charged particles precipitating into the ionosphere.
The study’s results suggest STEVE is an entirely new phenomenon distinct from typical auroras. The POES-17 satellite detected no charged particles raining down to the ionosphere during the STEVE event, which means it is likely produced by an entirely different mechanism, according to the authors.
The researchers said STEVE is a new kind of optical phenomenon they call “skyglow.” Their next step is to see whether the streams of fast ions and hot electrons in the ionosphere are creating STEVE’s light, or if the light is produced higher up in the atmosphere.
Authors:
Bea Gallardo-Lacourt, J. Liang , E. Donovan: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;
Y. Nishimura: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A., and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
From: AGU 100,
Advancing Earth and Space Science
Image:
Alberta Aurora Chasers capture STEVE, the new-to-science upper atmospheric phenomenon, on the evening of April 10, 2018 in Prince George, British Columbia, Canada. Fellow Aurora Chaser Robert Downie kneels in the foreground while photographer Ryan Sault captures the narrow ribbon of white-purple hues overhead. The vibrant green aurora is seen in the distant north, located to the right in the photo. In this issue, Gallardo-Lacourt et al. use a ground based all-sky imager and in situ satellite data to study the origin of STEVE. Their results demonstrate that STEVE is different than aurora since the observation is characterized by the absence of particle precipitation.
Credit: Ryan Sault.
#Aurora #STEVE #Astronomy #Atmosphere #Earth #Weather #AtmosphericScience #OceanicScience #Physics #SpacePhysics #Space #TheSun #ExcitedProtons #AtmosphericPhenomenon #MagneticField #Magnetosphere #SolarSystem
Thin ribbons of purple and white light that sometimes appear in the night sky were dubbed a new type of aurora when brought to scientists’ attention in 2016. But new research suggests these mysterious streams of light are not an aurora at all but an entirely new celestial phenomenon.
Amateur photographers had captured the new phenomenon, called STEVE, on film for decades. But the scientific community only got wind of STEVE in 2016. When scientists first looked at images of STEVE, they realized the lights were slightly different than light from typical auroras but were not sure what underlying mechanism was causing them.
In a new study, researchers analyzed a STEVE event in March 2008 to see whether it was produced in a similar manner as the aurora, which happens when showers of charged rain down into Earth’s upper atmosphere. The study’s results suggest STEVE is produced by a different atmospheric process than the aurora, making it an entirely new type of optical phenomenon.
“Our main conclusion is that STEVE is not an aurora,” said Bea Gallardo-Lacourt, a space physicist at the University of Calgary in Canada and lead author of the new study in Geophysical Research Letters, a journal of the American Geophysical Union. “So right now, we know very little about it. And that’s the cool thing, because this has been known by photographers for decades. But for the scientists, it’s completely unknown.”
The study authors have dubbed STEVE a kind of “skyglow,” or glowing light in the night sky, that is distinct from the aurora. Studying STEVE can help scientists better understand the upper atmosphere and the processes generating light in the sky, according to the authors.
“This is really interesting because we haven’t figured it out and when you get a new problem, it’s always exciting,” said Joe Borovsky, a space physicist at the Space Science Institute in Los Alamos, New Mexico who was not connected to the new study. “It’s like you think you know everything and it turns out you don’t.”
A different kind of light show
Auroras are produced when electrons and protons from Earth’s magnetosphere, the region around Earth dominated by its magnetic field, rain down into the ionosphere, a region of charged particles in the upper atmosphere. When these electrons and protons become excited, they emit light of varying colors, most often green, red and blue.
A group of amateur auroral photographers brought STEVE to scientists’ attention in 2016. A Facebook ground called the Alberta Aurora Chasers had occasionally noticed bright, thin streams of white and purple light running east to west in the Canadian night sky when they photographed the aurora.
Auroras are visible every night if viewing conditions are right, but the thin light ribbons of STEVE were only visible a few times per year. The light from STEVE was also showing up closer to the equator than the aurora, which can only be seen at high latitudes.
The photographers first thought the light ribbons were created by excited protons, but protons can only be photographed with special equipment. The light protons produce falls out of the range of wavelengths picked up by normal cameras.
The aurora chasers dubbed the light ribbon occurrences “Steve,” a reference to the 2006 film Over the Hedge. When researchers presented data about the unusual lights at a 2016 scientific conference, a fellow space physicist proposed converting the name into the backronym STEVE, which stands for Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement, and the researchers adopted it.
Where does STEVE come from?
Scientists then started using data from satellites and images from ground-based observatories to try to understand what was causing the unusual light streaks. The first scientific study published on STEVE found a stream of fast-moving ions and super-hot electrons passing through the ionosphere right where STEVE was observed. The researchers suspected these particles were connected to STEVE somehow but were unsure whether they were responsible for producing it.
After that first study, of which Gallardo-Lacourt was a co-author, the researchers wanted to find out if STEVE’s light is produced by particles raining down into the ionosphere, as typically happens with the aurora, or by some other process. In the new study, Gallardo-Lacourt and her colleagues analyzed a STEVE event that happened over eastern Canada on March 28, 2008, using images from ground-based cameras that record auroras over North America.
They coupled the images with data from NOAA’s Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite 17 (POES-17), which happened to pass directly over the ground-based cameras during the STEVE event. The satellite is equipped with an instrument that can measure charged particles precipitating into the ionosphere.
The study’s results suggest STEVE is an entirely new phenomenon distinct from typical auroras. The POES-17 satellite detected no charged particles raining down to the ionosphere during the STEVE event, which means it is likely produced by an entirely different mechanism, according to the authors.
The researchers said STEVE is a new kind of optical phenomenon they call “skyglow.” Their next step is to see whether the streams of fast ions and hot electrons in the ionosphere are creating STEVE’s light, or if the light is produced higher up in the atmosphere.
Authors:
Bea Gallardo-Lacourt, J. Liang , E. Donovan: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;
Y. Nishimura: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A., and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
From: AGU 100,
Advancing Earth and Space Science
Image:
Alberta Aurora Chasers capture STEVE, the new-to-science upper atmospheric phenomenon, on the evening of April 10, 2018 in Prince George, British Columbia, Canada. Fellow Aurora Chaser Robert Downie kneels in the foreground while photographer Ryan Sault captures the narrow ribbon of white-purple hues overhead. The vibrant green aurora is seen in the distant north, located to the right in the photo. In this issue, Gallardo-Lacourt et al. use a ground based all-sky imager and in situ satellite data to study the origin of STEVE. Their results demonstrate that STEVE is different than aurora since the observation is characterized by the absence of particle precipitation.
Credit: Ryan Sault.
#Aurora #STEVE #Astronomy #Atmosphere #Earth #Weather #AtmosphericScience #OceanicScience #Physics #SpacePhysics #Space #TheSun #ExcitedProtons #AtmosphericPhenomenon #MagneticField #Magnetosphere #SolarSystem
New kind of aurora is not an aurora at all
news.agu.org
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Role of Magnetic Field on Natural Convective Towards a Semi-Infinite Vertically Inclined Plate in Presence of Hall Current with Numerical Solutions: A Finite Difference Technique - By Bandham Saidulu
Read more : https://www.arcjournals.org/pdfs/ijsimr/v6-i2/3.pdf
International Journal of Scientific and Innovative Mathematical Research
Read More About journal : https://www.arcjournals.org/international-journal-of-scientific-and-innovative-mathematical-research/ #Mathematical #Maths #MagneticField
Read more : https://www.arcjournals.org/pdfs/ijsimr/v6-i2/3.pdf
International Journal of Scientific and Innovative Mathematical Research
Read More About journal : https://www.arcjournals.org/international-journal-of-scientific-and-innovative-mathematical-research/ #Mathematical #Maths #MagneticField
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Animation of Saturn’s northern auroras | Hubble
This video uses different observations of Saturn: While the observations in the optical, showing the planet itself, were made in 2018, the observations of the auroras were collected in 2017.
The video shows how the auroras in Saturn’s northern regions vary over time. The variability of the auroras is influenced by both the solar wind and the rapid rotation of Saturn.
Credit: ESA/Hubble, NASA & L. Lamy (Observatoire de Paris)
Duration: 19 seconds
Release Date: August 30, 2018
#NASA #Hubble #Astronomy #Space #Planet #Saturn #NorthPole #Aurora #Ultraviolet #MagneticField #Sun #SolarWind #SolarSystem #Telescope #ESA #Goddard #GSFC #STScI #STEM #Education #HD #Video
This video uses different observations of Saturn: While the observations in the optical, showing the planet itself, were made in 2018, the observations of the auroras were collected in 2017.
The video shows how the auroras in Saturn’s northern regions vary over time. The variability of the auroras is influenced by both the solar wind and the rapid rotation of Saturn.
Credit: ESA/Hubble, NASA & L. Lamy (Observatoire de Paris)
Duration: 19 seconds
Release Date: August 30, 2018
#NASA #Hubble #Astronomy #Space #Planet #Saturn #NorthPole #Aurora #Ultraviolet #MagneticField #Sun #SolarWind #SolarSystem #Telescope #ESA #Goddard #GSFC #STScI #STEM #Education #HD #Video
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Aurora | International Space Station
Auroras are caused by the sun. Our star generates a constantly streaming solar wind towards Earth. Some of the energy and small particles can travel down the magnetic field lines at the north and south poles into Earth’s atmosphere. There, the particles interact with gases in our atmosphere resulting in beautiful displays of light in the sky. Oxygen gives off green and red light. Nitrogen glows blue and purple.
Credit: Cosmonaut Oleg Artemyev/Roscosmos
Duration: 1 minute, 51 seconds
Release Date: August 22, 2018
+NASA Earth Observatory
+NASA Johnson Space Center
+NASA
#NASA #Space #ISS #Science #Earth #Planet #Atmosphere #Aurora #Sun #SolarWind #MagneticField #Cosmonaut #OlegArtemyev #Roscosmos #Роскосмос #Russia #Россия #Expedition56 #Human #Spaceflight #Spacecraft #Photography #STEM #Education #OrbitalPerspective #OverviewEffect
Auroras are caused by the sun. Our star generates a constantly streaming solar wind towards Earth. Some of the energy and small particles can travel down the magnetic field lines at the north and south poles into Earth’s atmosphere. There, the particles interact with gases in our atmosphere resulting in beautiful displays of light in the sky. Oxygen gives off green and red light. Nitrogen glows blue and purple.
Credit: Cosmonaut Oleg Artemyev/Roscosmos
Duration: 1 minute, 51 seconds
Release Date: August 22, 2018
+NASA Earth Observatory
+NASA Johnson Space Center
+NASA
#NASA #Space #ISS #Science #Earth #Planet #Atmosphere #Aurora #Sun #SolarWind #MagneticField #Cosmonaut #OlegArtemyev #Roscosmos #Роскосмос #Russia #Россия #Expedition56 #Human #Spaceflight #Spacecraft #Photography #STEM #Education #OrbitalPerspective #OverviewEffect
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Electricity and Magnetism usually has the highest weightage in Physics papers across many exams. It is a vast topic and quite diverse as well. A lot of skills are required to be good at this topic. In this article I have tried to pen down some tips that will help you achieve mastery in Electricity and Magnetism.
#tips, #tricks, #tomaster, #electricity, #magnetism, #electricityandmagnetism, #mit, #circuitsolving, #physics, #physicsshortcuts, #magenetic, #generalchemistry, #force, #magneticfield, #electromagnetism, #stepbysteplogic, #physicsmat, #chemistrymcat, #examtips, #examtricks, #crackexam,
#tips, #tricks, #tomaster, #electricity, #magnetism, #electricityandmagnetism, #mit, #circuitsolving, #physics, #physicsshortcuts, #magenetic, #generalchemistry, #force, #magneticfield, #electromagnetism, #stepbysteplogic, #physicsmat, #chemistrymcat, #examtips, #examtricks, #crackexam,
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แสงออโรร่าบนดาวเสาร์
Energetic lightshow at Saturn’s north pole | Hubble
August 30, 2018: Astronomers using the NASA/ESA Hubble Space telescope have taken a series of spectacular images featuring the fluttering auroras at the north pole of Saturn. The observations were taken in ultraviolet light and the resulting images provide astronomers with the most comprehensive picture so far of Saturn’s northern aurora.
In 2017, over a period of seven months, the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope took images of auroras above Saturn’s north pole region using the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph. The observations were taken before and after the Saturnian northern summer solstice. These conditions provided the best achievable viewing of the northern auroral region for Hubble.
On Earth, auroras are mainly created by particles originally emitted by the Sun in the form of solar wind. When this stream of electrically charged particles gets close to our planet, it interacts with the magnetic field, which acts as a gigantic shield. While it protects Earth’s environment from solar wind particles, it can also trap a small fraction of them. Particles trapped within the magnetosphere —the region of space surrounding Earth in which charged particles are affected by its magnetic field—can be energized and then follow the magnetic field lines down to the magnetic poles. There, they interact with oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the upper layers of the atmosphere, creating the flickering, colorful lights visible in the polar regions here on Earth [1].
However, these auroras are not unique to Earth. Other planets in our Solar System have been found to have similar auroras. Among them are the four gas giants Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Because the atmosphere of each of the four outer planets in the Solar System is—unlike the Earth—dominated by hydrogen, Saturn’s auroras can only be seen in ultraviolet wavelengths; a part of the electromagnetic spectrum which can only be studied from space.
Hubble allowed researchers to monitor the behaviour of the auroras at Saturn's north pole over an extended period of time. The Hubble observations were coordinated with the “Grand Finale” of the Cassini spacecraft, when the spacecraft simultaneously probed the auroral regions of Saturn [2]. The Hubble data allowed astronomers to learn more about Saturn’s magnetosphere, which is the largest of any planet in the Solar System other than Jupiter.
The images show a rich variety of emissions with highly variable localized features. The variability of the auroras is influenced by both the solar wind and the rapid rotation of Saturn, which lasts only about 11 hours. On top of this, the northern aurora displays two distinct peaks in brightness—at dawn and just before midnight. The latter peak, unreported before, seems specific to the interaction of the solar wind with the magnetosphere at Saturn’s solstice.
The main image presented here is a composite of observations made of Saturn in early 2018 in the optical and of the auroras on Saturn’s north pole region, made in 2017, demonstrating the size of the auroras along with the beautiful colors of Saturn.
Hubble has studied Saturn's auroras in the past. In 2004, it studied the southern auroras shortly after the southern solstice and in 2009 it took advantage of a rare opportunity to record Saturn when its rings were edge-on. This allowed Hubble to observe both poles and their auroras simultaneously.
Notes
[1] The auroras here on Earth have different names depending on which pole they occur at. Aurora Borealis, or the northern lights, is the name given to auroras around the north pole and Aurora Australis, or the southern lights, is the name given for auroras around the south pole.
[2] Cassini was a collaboration between NASA, ESA and the Italian Space Agency. It spent 13 years orbiting Saturn, gathering information and giving astronomers a great insight into the inner workings of Saturn. Cassini took more risks at the end of its mission, travelling through the gap between Saturn and its rings. No spacecraft had previously done this, and Cassini gathered spectacular images of Saturn as well as new data for scientists to work with. On September 15, 2017 Cassini was sent on a controlled crash into Saturn.
The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA.
Credit: NASA, ESA & L. Lamy
Release Date: August 30, 2018
+Hubble Space Telescope
+NASA Goddard
+European Space Agency, ESA
+Space Telescope Science Institute
+NASA Solar System Exploration
#NASA #Hubble #Astronomy #Space #Planet #Saturn #NorthPole #Aurora #Ultraviolet #MagneticField #Sun #SolarSystem #Telescope #ESA #Goddard #GSFC #STScI #STEM #Education
August 30, 2018: Astronomers using the NASA/ESA Hubble Space telescope have taken a series of spectacular images featuring the fluttering auroras at the north pole of Saturn. The observations were taken in ultraviolet light and the resulting images provide astronomers with the most comprehensive picture so far of Saturn’s northern aurora.
In 2017, over a period of seven months, the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope took images of auroras above Saturn’s north pole region using the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph. The observations were taken before and after the Saturnian northern summer solstice. These conditions provided the best achievable viewing of the northern auroral region for Hubble.
On Earth, auroras are mainly created by particles originally emitted by the Sun in the form of solar wind. When this stream of electrically charged particles gets close to our planet, it interacts with the magnetic field, which acts as a gigantic shield. While it protects Earth’s environment from solar wind particles, it can also trap a small fraction of them. Particles trapped within the magnetosphere —the region of space surrounding Earth in which charged particles are affected by its magnetic field—can be energized and then follow the magnetic field lines down to the magnetic poles. There, they interact with oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the upper layers of the atmosphere, creating the flickering, colorful lights visible in the polar regions here on Earth [1].
However, these auroras are not unique to Earth. Other planets in our Solar System have been found to have similar auroras. Among them are the four gas giants Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Because the atmosphere of each of the four outer planets in the Solar System is—unlike the Earth—dominated by hydrogen, Saturn’s auroras can only be seen in ultraviolet wavelengths; a part of the electromagnetic spectrum which can only be studied from space.
Hubble allowed researchers to monitor the behaviour of the auroras at Saturn's north pole over an extended period of time. The Hubble observations were coordinated with the “Grand Finale” of the Cassini spacecraft, when the spacecraft simultaneously probed the auroral regions of Saturn [2]. The Hubble data allowed astronomers to learn more about Saturn’s magnetosphere, which is the largest of any planet in the Solar System other than Jupiter.
The images show a rich variety of emissions with highly variable localized features. The variability of the auroras is influenced by both the solar wind and the rapid rotation of Saturn, which lasts only about 11 hours. On top of this, the northern aurora displays two distinct peaks in brightness—at dawn and just before midnight. The latter peak, unreported before, seems specific to the interaction of the solar wind with the magnetosphere at Saturn’s solstice.
The main image presented here is a composite of observations made of Saturn in early 2018 in the optical and of the auroras on Saturn’s north pole region, made in 2017, demonstrating the size of the auroras along with the beautiful colors of Saturn.
Hubble has studied Saturn's auroras in the past. In 2004, it studied the southern auroras shortly after the southern solstice and in 2009 it took advantage of a rare opportunity to record Saturn when its rings were edge-on. This allowed Hubble to observe both poles and their auroras simultaneously.
Notes
[1] The auroras here on Earth have different names depending on which pole they occur at. Aurora Borealis, or the northern lights, is the name given to auroras around the north pole and Aurora Australis, or the southern lights, is the name given for auroras around the south pole.
[2] Cassini was a collaboration between NASA, ESA and the Italian Space Agency. It spent 13 years orbiting Saturn, gathering information and giving astronomers a great insight into the inner workings of Saturn. Cassini took more risks at the end of its mission, travelling through the gap between Saturn and its rings. No spacecraft had previously done this, and Cassini gathered spectacular images of Saturn as well as new data for scientists to work with. On September 15, 2017 Cassini was sent on a controlled crash into Saturn.
The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA.
Credit: NASA, ESA & L. Lamy
Release Date: August 30, 2018
+Hubble Space Telescope
+NASA Goddard
+European Space Agency, ESA
+Space Telescope Science Institute
+NASA Solar System Exploration
#NASA #Hubble #Astronomy #Space #Planet #Saturn #NorthPole #Aurora #Ultraviolet #MagneticField #Sun #SolarSystem #Telescope #ESA #Goddard #GSFC #STScI #STEM #Education
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#STEAMProject: #MagneticField #Sensory Bottle - Get #mesmerized and see how a #magnetic field works in a bottle of water
Get #Inspired, #Explore and #Discover #swsscrew
http://shop.spacewalkstudios.co/post-8262018-steam-project-magnetic-field-sensory.html
#blog #blogpost #blogger #blogging #magnet #ink #STEAMeducation #STEMeducation #STEM #STEMProject #project #projects
Get #Inspired, #Explore and #Discover #swsscrew
http://shop.spacewalkstudios.co/post-8262018-steam-project-magnetic-field-sensory.html
#blog #blogpost #blogger #blogging #magnet #ink #STEAMeducation #STEMeducation #STEM #STEMProject #project #projects
Spacewalk Studios | STEAM Project: Magnetic Field Sensory Bottle
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