However, the selfish gene theory cannot explain the sacrifice a person is willing to make in order to save a stranger, nor can it explain when someone gives the food or water they need to others, because in such cases, if it results in the demise of the altruist-or at the very least, the inability to multiply his own genes, or it diminishes his chances-then the genetic loss is greater than the gain regarding the genes he shares with one he rescued or fed, or favored, in general, over himself. To explain this further using numbers: my life is equivalent to a one hundred percent transfer and survival of my functioning genes, whereas the life of a stranger is equivalent to the transfer of a portion of my functioning genes, the genes we have in common, which is about five percent, so losing my life clearly means a greater loss of survival of my genes. Therefore the selfish gene theory is not able to explain these types of altruism in which genes of the altruist lose in a significant way. The explanation for this type of altruistic behavior cannot be based on gene selfishness. In addition, reciprocal altruism is not genuine altruism. Since it is a favored evolutionary strategy, it is expected to become prevalent when there is a need for it, as is the case with some animals that groom each other, or vampire bats regurgitating food for their neighbors, because the gene pool that carries its genes will be favored by selection and will inevitably prevail. The gene pool that does not carry this type of reciprocal altruism will leave the competitive race because the fate of the members of its species will be extinction. For example, vampire bats cannot survive more than two days without food, and reciprocal altruism is a lifeline for the numerous individuals who do not find food on a given night. Because of this, reciprocal altruism is a lifeline for the species as a whole, so it is certainly favored by natural selection. Generally, reciprocal altruism is well accounted for by science.
For more and detailed information on this, we recommend you to read the Atheism Delusion written by Ahmed Al-Hasan.
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