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Research reveals 'exquisite selectivity' of neuronal wiring in the cerebral cortex
The brain's astonishing anatomical complexity has been appreciated for over 100 years, when pioneers first trained microscopes on the profusion of branching structures that connect individual neurons. Even in the tiniest areas of brain tissue, the pathways are tangled, almost indescribably dense. Today, neuroscientists are trying to figure out the workings of all those cells and the networks they form, the ultimate grand-challenge problem. In a study appearing today in Nature Neuroscience, a team from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) uses advanced technologies to illuminate the connectivity pattern of chandelier cells, a distinctive kind of inhibitory cell type in the mammalian brain. They reveal for the first time how this candelabra-shaped cell interacts with hundreds of excitatory cells in its neighborhood, receiving information from some, imparting information to others. In the experiments just reported, these highly specific interactions are situated in the context of a larger global network regulating the fear response in mice. Chandelier cells play analogous roles in other networks, capable of inhibiting excitatory neurons in a variety of contexts. The research therefore suggests more broadly how communication hierarchies may be shaped in the brain, as diverse and often intermingled sets of neurons in "local" areas both receive inputs from and send outputs to distinct brain areas, near and far.
The brain's astonishing anatomical complexity has been appreciated for over 100 years, when pioneers first trained microscopes on the profusion of branching structures that connect individual neurons. Even in the tiniest areas of brain tissue, the pathways are tangled, almost indescribably dense. Today, neuroscientists are trying to figure out the workings of all those cells and the networks they form, the ultimate grand-challenge problem. In a study appearing today in Nature Neuroscience, a team from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) uses advanced technologies to illuminate the connectivity pattern of chandelier cells, a distinctive kind of inhibitory cell type in the mammalian brain. They reveal for the first time how this candelabra-shaped cell interacts with hundreds of excitatory cells in its neighborhood, receiving information from some, imparting information to others. In the experiments just reported, these highly specific interactions are situated in the context of a larger global network regulating the fear response in mice. Chandelier cells play analogous roles in other networks, capable of inhibiting excitatory neurons in a variety of contexts. The research therefore suggests more broadly how communication hierarchies may be shaped in the brain, as diverse and often intermingled sets of neurons in "local" areas both receive inputs from and send outputs to distinct brain areas, near and far.
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The wait is almost over! Watch the #AndroidO livestream today at 2:40 ET: https://goo.gl/gd5AHp #Eclipse2017
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#GoT spoilers ahead: Faces and bears and ice dragons, oh my! There’s a lot going on in the penultimate episode of season seven.
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People Who Hear Voices Can Detect Hidden Speech in Unusual Sounds
People who hear voices that other people can't hear may use unusual skills when their brains process new sounds, according to research led by Durham University and University College London (UCL).
The research is in Brain. (full open access)
People who hear voices that other people can't hear may use unusual skills when their brains process new sounds, according to research led by Durham University and University College London (UCL).
The research is in Brain. (full open access)
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Today’s the day! #Eclipse2017 will be visible across America. Tune in to our live coverage from noon – 4 p.m. EDT for unique views, NASA experts and more! http://www.nasa.gov/eclipselive
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Xiaomi may be on the verge of releasing a stock Android version of the Mi 5X through Google's Android One program, according to a recent report. #News #Xiaomi #XiaomiMi5X
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Geekscape of the Day: The Verdant Colossus
Artist: Abhinandan Madhu Visit: http://bit.ly/2xgSjdV .
Want more? Visit us over at http://geekscapes.com and see all of the archives and subscribe via RSS so you never miss an image!
Have a listen to our Geek Questioner Podcast!
Our latest episode: https://geekquestioner.com/current
#fantasy #forest #giant #magic #spirit #creature #trees
#gsotd #gsotd2017
Artist: Abhinandan Madhu Visit: http://bit.ly/2xgSjdV .
Want more? Visit us over at http://geekscapes.com and see all of the archives and subscribe via RSS so you never miss an image!
Have a listen to our Geek Questioner Podcast!
Our latest episode: https://geekquestioner.com/current
#fantasy #forest #giant #magic #spirit #creature #trees
#gsotd #gsotd2017
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Secretary Clinton Comments on the Passing of #RobertByrd. In 2010, then-Secretary of State #HillaryClinton fondly eulogized Sen. Robert Byrd, a former member and recruiter for the #KuKluxKlan. Clinton called Byrd “my friend and mentor” in a video message to commemorate his passing.
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Strange Case Of A Dead Galaxy – What Happened To All The Stars?
August 16, 2017 | Astronomy
A massive,” dead” galaxy puzzles astronomer who now wonder what happened to all the stars. The case of galaxy MACS 2129-1 is interesting because it challenges our theories of galaxy evolution. Located about 10 billion light-years away from Earth, MACS 2129-1 is only half the Milky Way’s size, but it’s three times as massive as our home galaxy.
continue reading @ http://www.messagetoeagle.com/strange-case-dead-galaxy-happened-stars/
August 16, 2017 | Astronomy
A massive,” dead” galaxy puzzles astronomer who now wonder what happened to all the stars. The case of galaxy MACS 2129-1 is interesting because it challenges our theories of galaxy evolution. Located about 10 billion light-years away from Earth, MACS 2129-1 is only half the Milky Way’s size, but it’s three times as massive as our home galaxy.
continue reading @ http://www.messagetoeagle.com/strange-case-dead-galaxy-happened-stars/
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.@TheNotoriousMMA's championship belts will soon be in Las Vegas
#MayweatherMcGregor #MayMac
http://bit.ly/2fYgpqv
#MayweatherMcGregor #MayMac
http://bit.ly/2fYgpqv
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Fellow Swifties, Taylor Swift just posted a mysterious video after wiping her social media profiles: After Taylor Swift wiped her social media profiles (insert hackneyed Blank Space joke here), speculation grew as to what the country-turned-pop star was up to. Is the follow-up to 1989 on the horizon? Who knows? The Pennsylvania-born pop star just published the following video to her Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter pages. pic.twitter.com/p2DyY0e2M3 — Taylor Swift (@taylorswift13) August 21, 2017 And yeah, we’re still none the wiser. This is a developing story and will update accordingly. http://dlvr.it/PgbTz2 #Insider #internet #technology #business #tradeflo
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These are the best sleeper predictions for your 2017 NFL Fantasy Football draft. King Coopa J breaks down the flex, tight-end, and the running back position.
ESPN Fantasy Football is played by millions of fans. Every year there is a new source with their predictions. You will not find better fantasy sleeper predictions anywhere else. If you want to dominate your fantasy football league. This video will place you ahead of the rest.
This video is part 1 of 2.
ESPN Fantasy Football is played by millions of fans. Every year there is a new source with their predictions. You will not find better fantasy sleeper predictions anywhere else. If you want to dominate your fantasy football league. This video will place you ahead of the rest.
This video is part 1 of 2.
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“In astronomy, there’s a simple formula for stars: add more mass, and your star becomes brighter, bluer, and hotter. This pattern hold from stars just a few percent the mass of the Sun to over 200 times as massive. But there’s a limit to the temperature these stars achieve, even the most massive ones. If you want to go hotter, you need something extra: to lose your hydrogen.”
The most massive stars in the Universe are true behemoths, rising to hundreds of times the mass of our Sun and burning at temperatures upwards of 30,000 K at their surface. But there are stars out there that are even hotter, despite only being 10% or less as massive: Wolf-Rayet stars. The key to their cosmic success? Blowing off their outer layers of hydrogen. By only leaving the dense, massive core of already-fused elements, Wolf-Rayet stars burn helium, carbon, oxygen or even heavier elements at their centers, while the journey to the surface “only” cools the star down to ~200,000 K by time the edge of the photosphere is reached. Elements like carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen may be ionized up to four times when their spectra are viewed.
Come learn the secret – and get the spectacular images and descriptions – of the hottest stars in the Universe for today’s Mostly Mute Monday!
The most massive stars in the Universe are true behemoths, rising to hundreds of times the mass of our Sun and burning at temperatures upwards of 30,000 K at their surface. But there are stars out there that are even hotter, despite only being 10% or less as massive: Wolf-Rayet stars. The key to their cosmic success? Blowing off their outer layers of hydrogen. By only leaving the dense, massive core of already-fused elements, Wolf-Rayet stars burn helium, carbon, oxygen or even heavier elements at their centers, while the journey to the surface “only” cools the star down to ~200,000 K by time the edge of the photosphere is reached. Elements like carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen may be ionized up to four times when their spectra are viewed.
Come learn the secret – and get the spectacular images and descriptions – of the hottest stars in the Universe for today’s Mostly Mute Monday!
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